On the red vs white point: It just so happens that the engine is running on road diesel at the moment, as I last filled the tank up from my spare jerrycan. No noticeable difference, and it's used up 1/2 a tank so far.
I've had the bolt out of the secondary filter, and the threads are OK - it tightens up fine - I just had to change the copper washer.
Another point raised by PM was to check that the stop cable wasn't slipping and failing to fully open the cut-off lever.
I will continue to look for air leaks, but I think the most significant thing is that it sounds like I'm not giving it as much throttle as everyone else - I'm somewhere around 1/4 - 1/2, whereas it sounds like I need to be ~3/4 to full. Something to try.